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🔬TODAY’S BREAKTHROUGH
As we age, the brain’s ability to repair itself slows, especially the rebuilding of myelin, the protective sheath around nerves. This study reveals how metformin, a common metabolic drug, can restore that lost capacity in human brain tissue.
The Discovery:
Researchers demonstrate that metformin restores myelin-producing function in human oligodendrocytes by boosting mitochondrial performance. Using a combination of human stem cell models and brain chimeras, the study shows that metformin enhances mitochondrial structure, metabolism, and ultimately accelerates remyelination, pointing to a promising therapy for age-related or injury-induced myelin loss.
The Science:
Human stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes were studied in monolayers, organoids, and mouse brain chimeras
Metformin treatment increased expression of key myelin genes including MBP, PLP1, and MOG, along with accelerated myelin sheath formation
Electron microscopy confirmed expanded mitochondrial area in both glia and axons
Transcriptomics revealed upregulation of mitochondrial genes including NDUFA11, COX8A, EIF1, and MRPS30
Monolayer oligodendrocytes had a fetal-like transcriptional state, while organoids and chimeras resembled mature adult patterns
Metformin’s effect was strongest in models approximating human brain architecture, not in fetal-like monolayers
Post-mortem samples from multiple sclerosis patients who had taken metformin showed increased expression of mitochondrial and oligodendrocyte genes, matching the in vivo results
The effect appears driven by enhanced oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial remodeling, not by direct cell proliferation
Your Action:
While this mechanism is not yet ready for clinical application in neurodegeneration, it underscores the connection between metabolic health and brain repair.
To protect and support your myelin integrity, prioritize mitochondrial resilience through regular exercise, high-quality sleep, and polyphenol-rich foods like berries, cocoa, and olive oil.
Bottom Line:
Metformin restores human myelin repair by boosting mitochondrial metabolism, offering a new path for neuroregeneration.
Source:
Metformin alters mitochondria-related metabolism and enhances human oligodendrocyte function, Nature Communications, Kazakou et al.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63279-4
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Disclaimer:
This newsletter is for informational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider before making any changes to your health regimen.