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🔬TODAY’S BREAKTHROUGH
A new review outlines how the hallmarks of aging, from DNA instability to inflammation, drive chronic disease, and how therapies targeting them could extend healthspan.
The Discovery:
The authors describe how primary, antagonistic, and integrative hallmarks of aging fuel age-related conditions, and highlight interventions ranging from senolytic vaccines to NAD+ boosters, rapamycin, metformin, stem cell therapies, and organ-specific aging detection.
The Science:
Primary hallmarks: Genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis. Linked to cancer, fibrosis, Alzheimer’s, and neurodegeneration. Interventions include telomerase gene therapy, NAD+ precursors, partial epigenetic reprogramming, and autophagy enhancers.
Antagonistic hallmarks: Nutrient-sensing deregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence. Initially protective, but harmful when chronic. Linked to diabetes, cardiomyopathy, osteoarthritis, fibrosis, and cancer. Targeted with metformin, rapamycin, caloric restriction mimetics, mitophagy inducers, and senolytics, including experimental senolytic vaccines against CD153 and GPNMB.
Integrative hallmarks: Stem cell exhaustion, chronic inflammation, altered intercellular communication. These systemic failures drive frailty, immunosenescence, and chronic diseases like atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, and organ failure. Strategies include MSC therapy, heterochronic plasma exchange, senolytics, and anti-inflammatory diets.
Organ vulnerability: The brain, heart, kidney, lungs, liver, bones, eyes, and skin are most prone to age-related decline. A Stanford study using plasma proteomics showed accelerated aging in specific organs predicts disease and mortality risk years in advance.
Drug repurposing: Existing therapies like metformin, rapamycin, dasatinib + quercetin, NR/NMN, acarbose, aspirin, lithium, and SGLT2 inhibitors show promise in modulating hallmarks and delaying disease onset.
Your Action:
Support longevity pathways today: adopt exercise, balanced nutrition, and sleep to influence mTOR, AMPK, autophagy, and inflammation. Watch for clinical trials of senolytics, NAD+ boosters, and repurposed drugs that may soon enter anti-aging care.
Bottom Line:
Targeting the hallmarks of aging is shifting from theory to therapy, offering new ways to slow decline and extend healthspan.
Source:
Targeting the hallmarks of aging: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. Fumihiro Sanada, Shinichiro Hayashi, Ryuichi Morishita. Published: July 1, 2025.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1631578
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Disclaimer:
This newsletter is for informational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider before making any changes to your health regimen.